No, guest users can not checkout with partial payment option. But Admin can place order for guest customer using Layaway & Partial Payments Extension for Magento 2, admin will be required to manage the installments manually and the users will not be allowed to track the status.

Read this guide on How to Sell Products on Installment & EMI in Magento 2 Website to setup this extension.

Here are the few more resource to help you get most out of this Magento 2 Partial Payment and Layaway & EMI Extension.

• What are Layaway and Partial Payments? How is it Beneficial for Businesses and Customers
• Drive Customer Loyalty through Layaway & Partial Payments
• How to Reduce Abandoned Carts with Partial Payment Extension
• Enhance the Customer Satisfaction Rate with Partial Payment Extension